Extent to Which Long Distance Migrations Were Continuities 1700 1900
Key Concept 5.4. Global Migration
(1750-1900)
Migration patterns changed dramatically throughout this period, and the numbers of migrants increased significantly. These changes were closely connected to the development of transoceanic empires and a global capitalist economy. In some cases, people benefited economically from migration, while other people were seen simply as commodities to be transported. In both cases, migration produced dramatically different societies for both sending and receiving societies, and presented challenges to governments in fostering national identities and regulating the flow of people.
I. Migration in many cases was influenced by changes in demography in both industrialized and un-industrialized societies that presented challenges to existing patterns of living.
A. Changes in food production and improved medical conditions contributed to a significant global rise in population.
B. Because of the nature of the new modes of transportation, both internal and external migrants increasingly relocated to cities. This pattern contributed to the significant global urbanization of the nineteenth century.
II. Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons.
A. Many individuals chose freely to relocate, often in search of work .
B. The new global capitalist economy continued to rely on coerced and semi-coerced labor migration .
Examples of coerced and semi-coerced labor migration :
• Slavery (Trans-Atlantic trade ended legally in 1802, but shipments continued illegally until 1867)
• Chinese and Indian indentured servitude
• Convict labor
C. While many migrants permanently relocated, a significant number of temporary and seasonal migrants returned to their home societies .
III. The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the nineteenth century, produced a variety of consequences and reactions to the increasingly diverse societies on the part of migrants and the existing populations.
A. Due to the physical nature of the labor in demand, migrants tended to be male, leaving women to take on new roles in the home society that had been formerly occupied by men.
B. Migrants often created ethnic enclaves in different parts of the world which helped transplant their culture into new environments and facilitated the development of migrant support networks.
C. Receiving societies did not always embrace immigrants, as seen in the various degrees of ethnic and racial prejudice and the ways states attempted to regulate the increased flow of people across their borders .
You will be working with a partner, researching a specific migration
| Type of Migration | Home Country | Destination | Students Assigned |
| Voluntary | Italy | Argentina | |
| Japan | Brazil | ||
| Japan | Hawaii | ||
| China | United States | ||
| Ireland | United States | ||
| Coerced or Semi-Coerced | United States (Native Americans) | United States | |
| Britain (Convicts) | Australia | ||
| India (Indentured Servants) | Africa | ||
| India (Indentured Servants) | Caribbean & Guyana |
Identify the following:
· When does this migration occur and who is involved? Describe basic Demographic data of the migrants – ages, religions, occupations, etc. – and major destination cities.
· What push-pull factors influence the migration? (Key concept I and II above for more details)
· Is your migration seasonal, temporary, or permanent? What factors cause this?
· What were the consequences of this migration on the political, economic, religious, social, and artistic characteristics of both the home country and the destination? (you won't necessarily find answers to all of the above characteristics)
· What reactions did both the migrants and the exiting populations of the destination country have toward your migration? Support with evidence of laws, settlement patterns, events, politicalmovements, etc. (Key Concept III above).
Create a Fact Sheet that displays the answers to the questions above in a format that allows quick overviews and scans (like a chart, graphs, timelines, etc.). You will not necessarily need to write sentences to fully answer some of these questions. I don't want to see a 5 paragraph essay. These need to be nice overviews of the phenomena. Look at the CIA Factbook for an example of how to do this - https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html
You will use the information you collect to answer the question below class next period
Analyze changes and continuities in long-distance migrations in the period from 1700-1900. Be sure to address change and continuity as it applies to both those who migrate and for the areas they migrate to.
Source: https://sites.google.com/site/whapheritage/home/unit-three-1750-1914/migrations
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